工業大模型賦能制造業數字化轉型的路徑與對策
網絡安全與數據治理
秦崢1,李育濤2,郭淑芳1
1.國家工業信息安全發展研究中心;2.中國科學院大學
摘要: 在全球制造業加速邁向數字化、智能化的背景下,工業大模型作為新一代智能技術,正成為推動制造業數字化轉型的重要引擎。通過系統梳理工業大模型的概念、發展脈絡和發展現狀等基礎理論,提出工業大模型賦能制造業數字化轉型的理論框架,并詳細闡述工業大模型在研發設計、生產制造、運維服務、經營管理和供應鏈管理等制造業典型應用場景的賦能作用。針對工業大模型在深度應用過程中所面臨的高質量訓練數據匱乏、工業場景分布碎片化、工業應用魯棒性欠缺、關鍵場景風險需警惕和計算與系統能力不足等挑戰,進一步探討其賦能制造業數字化轉型的方法路徑,并從政策機制、示范引領、標準體系、自主創新、安全韌性和人才培養等多個維度提出對策建議,以期為工業大模型驅動制造業高質量發展提供有價值的參考和啟示。
中圖分類號:TP391.9文獻標識碼:ADOI:10.19358/j.issn.2097-1788.2025.07.006
引用格式:秦崢,李育濤,郭淑芳. 工業大模型賦能制造業數字化轉型的路徑與對策[J].網絡安全與數據治理,2025,44(7):36-42.
引用格式:秦崢,李育濤,郭淑芳. 工業大模型賦能制造業數字化轉型的路徑與對策[J].網絡安全與數據治理,2025,44(7):36-42.
The path and countermeasures of empowering manufacturing digital transformation with industrial large models
Qin Zheng1, Li Yutao2, Guo Shufang1
1.China Industrial Control Systems Cyber Emergency Response Team;2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
Abstract: Against the backdrop of the global manufacturing industry accelerating towards digitization and intelligence, industrial large models, as a new generation of intelligent technology, are becoming an important engine for promoting the digital transformation of the manufacturing industry. The concept, development context, and current status of the industrial large model are systematically reviewed, and a theoretical framework for empowering the digital transformation of the manufacturing industry with the industrial large model is proposed. The empowering role of the industrial large model in typical application scenarios of the manufacturing industry, such as research and development design, production and manufacturing, operation and maintenance services, business management, and supply chain management, is elaborated in detail. In response to the challenges faced by industrial large models in the process of deep application, such as the lack of high-quality training data, fragmented distribution of industrial scenarios, lack of robustness in industrial applications, vigilance against key scenario risks, and insufficient computing and system capabilities, this paper further explores the methods and paths to empower the digital transformation of the manufacturing industry, and proposes countermeasures and suggestions from multiple dimensions such as policy mechanisms, demonstration guidance, standard systems, independent innovation, safety resilience, and talent cultivation, in order to provide valuable reference and inspiration for industrial large models to drive the high-quality development of the manufacturing industry.
Key words : industrial large models; manufacturing; digital transformation; artificial intelligence
引言
當前,全球制造業正經歷深刻的數字化與智能化變革[1],工業大模型作為人工智能技術與制造業深度融合的核心技術,正在以前所未有的深度和廣度重塑產業鏈、供應鏈及價值鏈體系[2]。依托深度學習、自然語言處理與多模態感知等前沿技術,工業大模型具備強大的數據處理、知識推理與智能決策能力,能夠打破數據孤島,構建跨企業、跨環節、跨場景的智能協同體系。工業大模型強大的泛化能力與自主學習特性,顯著提升制造企業的生產效率與資源配置效率,助力其實現高效化、柔性化轉型,增強整體競爭力[3]。
盡管工業大模型在制造業的應用前景廣闊,但其發展仍面臨諸多挑戰[4-5]。制造業數據高度異構、復雜多樣,實現高效整合與智能應用仍存在技術瓶頸。模型的可解釋性、安全性和適用性亦亟待提升,以確保其在實際生產環境中的穩定性與可控性。同時,從政策和產業生態的角度來看,當前工業大模型的標準體系不完善、產業鏈協同機制不健全,也制約了其規模化推廣[6-8]。
基于此,本文聚焦工業大模型賦能制造業數字化轉型的路徑,構建理論分析框架,系統梳理其典型應用場景與關鍵痛點問題,深入探討賦能機制與落地路徑,提出推動其規模化應用的政策與技術舉措。旨在為工業大模型在制造業中的有效落地提供理論支撐與實踐參考,助力制造業向智能化、綠色化、高質量方向發展。
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作者信息:
秦崢1,李育濤2,郭淑芳1
(1.國家工業信息安全發展研究中心,北京100040;2.中國科學院大學,北京100049)
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