商業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)不正當(dāng)競爭行為的司法規(guī)制研究*
網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理 9期
許林波，余佳璇
（江西財經(jīng)大學(xué)法學(xué)院，江西南昌330032）
摘要： 當(dāng)前大量存在的不正當(dāng)商業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)抓取、流量劫持、數(shù)據(jù)封鎖、惡意干擾等行為，嚴(yán)重干擾了數(shù)字經(jīng)濟時代商業(yè)活動的有序發(fā)展，并出現(xiàn)了表現(xiàn)形式多樣化與動態(tài)化的變化趨勢。針對商業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)不正當(dāng)競爭行為的司法實踐印證了《反不正當(dāng)競爭法》第2條及第12條的法律保障效果，同時也暴露出現(xiàn)有規(guī)定的概括性、條款之間規(guī)范的界限不明確、對“不正當(dāng)競爭關(guān)系”認(rèn)定不當(dāng)?shù)葐栴}。為進一步加強商業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)不正當(dāng)競爭行為司法規(guī)制，應(yīng)通過統(tǒng)一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以規(guī)范反不正當(dāng)競爭法的適用，明確“競爭關(guān)系”作為司法適用的前提，構(gòu)建有利于引導(dǎo)商業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)合理利用的多元化法治體系。
中圖分類號：D99
文獻標(biāo)識碼：A
DOI:10.19358/j.issn.2097-1788.2023.09.005
引用格式：許林波,余佳璇.商業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)不正當(dāng)競爭行為的司法規(guī)制研究［J］.網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理，2023，42（9）：29-35.
文獻標(biāo)識碼：A
DOI:10.19358/j.issn.2097-1788.2023.09.005
引用格式：許林波,余佳璇.商業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)不正當(dāng)競爭行為的司法規(guī)制研究［J］.網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理，2023，42（9）：29-35.
Study onjudicial regulation of unfair competition in business data
Xu Linbo,Yu Jiaxuan
(School of Law, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang 330032,China)
Abstract： At present, a large number of illegal business data grabbing, traffic hijacking, data blocking, malicious interference and other behaviors seriously interfere with the orderly development of business activities in the digital economy era, and there is a trend of diversified and dynamic manifestations. The judicial practice against the unfair competition of business data has verified the legal protection effect of article 2 and article 12 of the Anti-unfair Competition Law, and also exposed the problems such as the generality of the provisions, the unclear boundaries of the norms between the provisions, and the inappropriate identification of "unfair competition relationship". In order to further strengthen the judicial regulation of unfair competition of business data, we should standardize the application of the Anti-unfair Competition Law by unifying standards, make clear that "competition relationship" is the premise of judicial application, and build a diversified legal system conducive to guiding the rational use of business data.
Key words : business data; unfair competition; protection of rights and interests; judicial regulation
0 引言
在大數(shù)據(jù)背景下，商業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)成為了經(jīng)營者之間相互爭奪的資源。商業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)不等于大數(shù)據(jù)中存儲的各種數(shù)據(jù)，也不限于作為新型生產(chǎn)要素的財產(chǎn)權(quán)性質(zhì)的數(shù)據(jù)［1］。與個人隱私、個人信息有所不同，數(shù)據(jù)集信息本體與信息媒介為一體，信息則以數(shù)據(jù)的形式表現(xiàn)［2］。數(shù)據(jù)包括公益性的公共數(shù)據(jù)和營利性的商業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)，商業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)是指商事主體為了商業(yè)經(jīng)營目的所采集使用的數(shù)據(jù)，其中企業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)是商業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)的核心組成部分，但商業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)不僅限于企業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)，商業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)的主體也可以是個人，雖然受到技術(shù)條件以及主客觀狀況因素這種情形并不常見。［3］商業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)大致包括用戶個人的信息數(shù)據(jù)、用戶自身發(fā)布的數(shù)據(jù)、企業(yè)采集的數(shù)據(jù)集合、衍生的數(shù)據(jù)這四類。
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作者信息：
許林波 余佳璇
（江西財經(jīng)大學(xué)法學(xué)院，江西南昌330032）
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