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數(shù)據(jù)抓取行為競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法規(guī)制中的利益衡量研究

網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理 10期

聶童

（華東政法大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)法學(xué)院，上海200042）

摘要： 數(shù)據(jù)是數(shù)字市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)格局形成中的核心要素，然數(shù)據(jù)抓取作為獲得數(shù)據(jù)要素的重要手段卻備受爭(zhēng)議。數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)蓬勃發(fā)展的今天，利益衡量這種古老的解釋方法，對(duì)于數(shù)據(jù)抓取行為的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法規(guī)制仍然具有較強(qiáng)回應(yīng)性。從利益衡量的角度出發(fā)，以平臺(tái)經(jīng)營(yíng)者利益、消費(fèi)者利益及社會(huì)公共利益的多元利益維度展開，判斷其各方主體的利益沖突實(shí)質(zhì)和利益的屬性。利益衡量為數(shù)據(jù)抓取行為的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法規(guī)制勘定邊界，亦為數(shù)據(jù)要素市場(chǎng)的建設(shè)提供價(jià)值序位考量，并暗含解決數(shù)據(jù)抓取行為這一復(fù)雜問題的指向，即建設(shè)統(tǒng)一的數(shù)據(jù)要素市場(chǎng)。

關(guān)鍵詞： 數(shù)據(jù)抓取利益衡量權(quán)益沖突規(guī)制進(jìn)路要素市場(chǎng)

中圖分類號(hào)：D922.294
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A
DOI:10.19358/j.issn.2097-1788.2023.10.009
引用格式：聶童.數(shù)據(jù)抓取行為競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法規(guī)制中的利益衡量研究［J］.網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理，2023，42（10）：55-59.

Research on interest measurement in competition law regulation of data capture behavior

Nie Tong

（School of Economics and Law, East China University of Political Science and Law, Shanghai 200042, China）

Abstract： Data is the core element in the formation of the digital market competition pattern, but data capture as an important means of obtaining data elements is controversial. Today, with the vigorous development of the digital economy, the ancient interpretation method of interest measurement is still highly responsive to competition law regulations on data capture behaviors. From the perspective of interest measurement, we use the multiple interest dimensions of platform operators′ interests, consumer interests and social public interests to determine the essence of the conflict of interest and the nature of the interests of the parties. Benefit measurement determines the boundaries of competition law regulations for data capture behavior, and also provides value order considerations for the construction of data element market. It also implies the direction of solving the complex problem of data capture behavior, that is, building a unified data element market.

Key words : data capture; interest measurement; conflict of interest; regulatory approach; element market

0 引言

2022年末，《關(guān)于構(gòu)建數(shù)據(jù)基礎(chǔ)制度更好發(fā)揮數(shù)據(jù)要素作用的意見》（以下簡(jiǎn)稱“數(shù)據(jù)二十條”）正式發(fā)布，意見中明確指出，作為新型生產(chǎn)要素，數(shù)據(jù)是數(shù)字化、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化和智能化的基石，是一種基礎(chǔ)性、戰(zhàn)略性資源，在數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中扮演著至關(guān)重要的角色。

伴隨著數(shù)據(jù)驅(qū)動(dòng)型要素的強(qiáng)力體現(xiàn)，數(shù)據(jù)控制者和數(shù)據(jù)需求方因?yàn)閿?shù)據(jù)的爭(zhēng)奪爭(zhēng)訟數(shù)量逐年攀升。數(shù)據(jù)需求者采用爬蟲技術(shù)獲取公開數(shù)據(jù)，進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)的開發(fā)利用，這種付出微小成本的數(shù)據(jù)生產(chǎn)要素獲得，成為數(shù)據(jù)需求者獲取生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)數(shù)據(jù)的首選方式。從數(shù)據(jù)控制者的角度，阻礙禁止他人爬取數(shù)據(jù)，維護(hù)自身的合法數(shù)據(jù)權(quán)益是恰當(dāng)且必要的。然司法實(shí)踐中，數(shù)據(jù)需求方多對(duì)法院將數(shù)據(jù)抓取認(rèn)定為不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的判決不服，在連續(xù)的上訴失敗之后，轉(zhuǎn)而起訴數(shù)據(jù)控制方的壟斷，為此有必要討論數(shù)據(jù)爬取過程中的不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法規(guī)制問題。

本文即從利益衡量的視角梳理《反不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法》數(shù)據(jù)抓取存在的問題及解釋，穿透數(shù)據(jù)抓取行為的表面爭(zhēng)端，在法益衡量層面上，將數(shù)據(jù)抓取行為背后蘊(yùn)含的價(jià)值類型化，以期對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)抓取行為的規(guī)制及數(shù)據(jù)要素市場(chǎng)的建設(shè)有所裨益。

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作者信息：

聶童

（華東政法大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)法學(xué)院，上海200042）

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