遺傳基因信息的私人財產性法律保護證成
網絡安全與數據治理
邢恩銘
中國社會科學院大學法學院
摘要： 公民的基因權利明確直接地反映并體現并維護人的生命尊嚴。隨著生物技術更新迭代，遺傳基因信息作為特殊的敏感個人信息，不僅具有高度識別性，更與個人權益息息相關。我國在遺傳基因信息的保護上亟需明晰的法律保護路徑。以美國關于遺傳基因信息的法治脈絡為向導，可以看到《美國憲法第四修正案》（Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution）對公民財產性權益的補正，覆蓋遺傳基因信息的保護需求。借鑒其他建立在隱私利益基礎上的財產權，我國應當通過立法構建遺傳基因信息的財產權保護路徑，在尊重公民個體生命尊嚴的基礎上為基因科技的革新服務。
中圖分類號：D90文獻標識碼：ADOI:10.19358/j.issn.2097-1788.2024.11.017引用格式：邢恩銘.遺傳基因信息的私人財產性法律保護證成［J］.網絡安全與數據治理，2024，43（11）：110-115.
The legal protection of the private property nature of genetic information
Xing Enming
School of Law，Chinese Academy of Social Sciences University
Abstract： The genetic rights of citizens clearly and directly reflect, embody, and safeguard human dignity. With the rapid evolution of biotechnology, genetic information, as a special type of sensitive personal data, is not only highly identifiable but also closely related to individual rights and interests. There is an urgent need for a clear legal protection pathway for the protection of genetic information in China. Taking the legal context of genetic information in the United States as a guide, one can see that the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution corrects the property rights of citizens, covering the protection needs of genetic information. Drawing on other property rights based on privacy interests, China should construct a property right protection pathway for genetic information through legislation, serving the innovation of genetic technology on the basis of respecting the dignity of individual citizens′ lives.
Key words : genetic information; legal interests; technological innovation; ethical governance
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